UNGULATES (HOOFED MAMMALS) Qn.What are hoofed mammals?

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UNGULATES (HOOFED MAMMALS) Qn.What are hoofed mammals?

• These are animals which have hooves on their feet.
  
  Characteristics of ungulates
• They have hooves on their feet.
• They are herbivores (feed on vegetables)

Groups of ungulates

• Even toed ungulates
  • Odd toed ungulates 

(a)Even toed ungulates 

            These are ungulates with even numbers of hooves on their feet. 

           Examples of even toed ungulates 

• cows –         
  • camel
  • goat
  • giraffe 
  • pig    
  • deer
  • sheep –
  • antelope 

Qn. Name the groups of even toed ungulates.

• Ruminants 
• Non Ruminants

                (i)      Ruminants 

Qn. What are ruminants?             

• These are animals with four chambered stomachs and chew the cud. 

Qn.       What is cud?

• Cud is the half digested food animals bring back from the rumen for further chewing.  Qn. What do we call the process of chewing cud?

            Rumination 

            Characteristics of ruminants 

• They chew cud
  • They have four chambered stomachs.

Qn.      Name the four chambers of stomachs of a ruminant animal.

• Rumen (1^st stomach) 
  • Reticulum (2^nd stomach)
  • Omasum (3^rd stomach)
  • Obamasum (true stomach) 

                          Examples of ruminants 

• cattle –        
• antelope
• • zebra –        
• • sheep 
  • giraffe –       
  • camel 

(i)         Non ruminants

Qn.      What are non ruminant animals?

            These are animals which do not chew cud. 

 Characteristics of non ruminants – They do not chew cud.

• They have one stomach.

Examples of non ruminants

• pigs  –         
• horse
• warthogs      –       
• rhinoceros
• donkey         –       
• hippopotamuses 

                          Diagram showing hooves of even toed ungulates.

(b)       Odd toed ungulates 

            These are ungulates with odd number of hooves on their toes. 

           Examples of odd toed ungulates 

• Elephant       –       
• Rhinoceros
• Horse  –       
• Zebra 
• Donkey 

A diagram showing hooves of odd toed ungulates 

INSECTIVORES                                                                      

Qn.  What are insectivores?

        These are mammals that feed on insects.

 Characteristics of insectivores  – They feed on insects.

• They are mainly nocturnal.
• They have a long sensitive snout.
• They have strong and sharp claws for digging up insects from the ground. 

Examples of insectivores 

• Porcupine 
• Hedge hog 
• Pangolin 
• Elephant shrew
• Aardvark 

Qn. How do the following animals protect themselves?

• Porcupine 
  • By piercing the enemy using spines.
• Hedge hog 
  • By curling / rolling itself into a ball like structure.

Diagram show insectivores